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Reading the Pictures of the Apocalypse
GA 104a

14 May 1909, Kristiania

Lecture II-V

The age of human evolution that counts as the fourth and is characterized by the letter to the community in Thyatira began in the seventh or eighth century before Christ and lasted until the thirteenth or fourteenth century after Christ's birth. Only then do we begin to count our fifth age, the Germanic cultural epoch. The fourth age stands in the middle. In manifold ways it brought to expression the life between birth and death and developed a love for the material world. It had its greatest blossoming in the beauty of Greek art.

The soul would have had to experience a darkening if the event of Golgotha had not occurred, if the light coming forth from this event had not had its effect. After human beings came to full consciousness of their earthly I, when they had fully entered into the physical world, there appears, among other things, for the first time the concept of the “last will and testament” as a sign that the human will had become so important that it survived death. This first appears only in ancient Rome, not yet in Greece. Greece did not yet have the concept of the single man or woman standing firmly anchored on the earth. Only gradually did the feeling arise that the human being was not only a member of a community but an individual. Before this the concept of personality, the concept of the divine-spiritual anchored in the human being, would not have been understood. In ancient Greece they could only understand the divine-spiritual residing in the spiritual world. But Greek culture could, in the fullest sense, feel what it meant to know with human consciousness that the I lives. Nevertheless, it did not recognize that the I is divine. In the Orient it was proclaimed by Moses. For the Greeks, between birth and death it was not present as something spiritual. And there was a deeply tragic feeling that went through all the souls ... [gap in manuscript]. The Greeks said to themselves that the human being has descended from the divine spiritual world. But they did not know that human beings could work themselves back up into that world again, that they could return in the future to the spiritual world.

This is expressed in the myth of Prometheus;1Compare the Berlin lecture of October 7, 1904 on “The Prometheus Saga,” in The Temple Legend (GA 93) (London: Rudolf Steiner Press, 1985). it is expressed so tragically in the drama of Aeschylus2Aeschylus (525 – 456 s.e.) was the most important founder of Attic tragedy and the oldest of the three great Greek writers of Greek tragedy. Quote comes from his trilogy “Prometheia.” when Io, who has become insane, appears to Prometheus. Io represents the old clairvoyant consciousness that, in this fourth epoch, could no longer appear in normal states of consciousness but only in a state of madness. Science in the modern sense did not yet exist in the earliest times of our culture. Only gradually did the human being become a seeker in that science which can independently research the external world independently. For this reason something like science has only existed since Thales.3Thales of Miletus, (ca. 625–ca. 545 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, one of the “seven wise men,” and one of the founders of philosophy It is an abstraction to speak of “oriental philosophy.” Those who began science with Thales were right: before them science was always inspired, born out of the mysteries. That was the case with Heraclitus,4Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 540 {544} – 480 {483 s.c.} was a Greek philosopher. who was still inspired by ancient mystery wisdom. We are told that he placed his book on the altar of the goddess of Ephesus.

To the extent that external natural science increases in humanity, to that extent true wisdom will be obstructed. We are told in the fourth letter of the Apocalypse how people must find the connection to true wisdom. Let us assume that the Christ principle, the revelation of Golgotha would not have come. Then, in terms of external science, outstanding people such as Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and so forth,5Marcus Aurelius: (121 – 180 A.D.) also know as Marcus Aurelius, the Philosopher. was the Roman Caesar from 161 A.D.; Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 B.C. – 65 A.D.) was a Roman politician, philosopher, and poet. would have been present, but the science would have remained merely intellectual and none of it would have contributed to a new ascent to the spiritual. Celsus,6Celsus: was a Greek philosopher of the second century. Around 180 he wrote “True Discourse” which was the first polemic against Christianity. It has been lost but the essence of its content is contained in Origen's response, Contra Celrum. the contemporary of Marcus Aurelius, wrote only external historical gossip about the event of Golgotha. But in terms of scientific, logical thinking these people all stood at the highest level.

What is called skepticism came into this stream. We find in Roman culture a complete skepticism existing alongside a highly refined approach to knowledge concerning all things intellectual. Let us consider, on the other hand, a personality like Augustine's. He was not in a position to arrive at anything other than doubt concerning what he had learned of Greek and Roman science. Then he encountered Manicheism, which he came to know only in a false form. He became acquainted with a teaching that took into account everything that Zarathustra taught. However, his soul was not inclined to take in all of this because the souls of the people living at that time were not meant to undertake such lofty flights of the spirit and see the spirit everywhere behind the physical world. The science that had penetrated all the way to the stars deteriorated; and even if this science had reached the Europeans no one could have understood it. The soul had to remain attached to what could be seen in the external world of the senses.

Science only reawakened during the time of the Renaissance. What Greece and Rome had started became Arabic wisdom; it became the spirit of Mohammedanism. Arabism then spread from Spain into Europe. This science is outstanding with regard to everything directly relating to the sensible-sensual world. The science that became a powerful stimulus for European science, that influenced Bacon and Spinoza,7Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626) was an English Renaissance philosopher. Benedictus Spinoza (1632 – 1677) was a Dutch philosopher. arises from Spanish Arabism. It comes from Spain. However, it cannot rise above a pantheism that is unable to reach concrete spiritual beings. Arabism did not arrive at the concrete. It ascended to the sensible human being but what was seen beyond that was only an abstract divine unity. It was not known what this unity is. A poor and comfortable world view! There is no knowledge of the spirit if it is summed up in a unity. Therein lies the poverty of pantheism.

As a result, we entered the fifth age with a science of the external world that began its great rise to ascendancy in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. We see this, for example, with the Scholastics. We experience in their thought the dawning of a new science that is, however, wholly chained to the sense world, that is unable to go even a step beyond the sense world. Thus we see how the split appears between faith and knowledge. Augustine was not able to understand a reference to something spiritual standing behind the sun. He did not understand Manicheism because it speaks of the veil of the senses spread over the spiritual. He could believe in Christ who had descended into a physical man. But faith and knowledge had entirely split apart at that time. All believers who stood on medieval science wanted faith and knowledge entirely separated.

We can illustrate schematically how what began in the Greco-Latin age still lives today, only on the external, physical level. The evolution of humankind takes place in such a way that what was cultivated in the Egypto-Chaldean age we experience again today—but we experience it as knowledge, and now it is illuminated and spiritualized by the Christ impulse. Everywhere in Europe we see the ancient wisdom of Egypt appearing again, but illuminated by the principle of Christ. In our time the human being will only be able to take this in consciously through the Rosicrucian teaching.

When the ancient Egyptians spoke of the stars they meant the spiritual aspect of the stars, which they still knew. A wonderful consciousness of ancient knowledge penetrated the science of Copernicus and Kepler. As a result, what the ancient Egyptians knew we now see appearing in a physical form. In the past they had seen beings moving through space, now only spheres were seen, moving in elliptical circles.

The fifth epoch is called to find again the spiritual world behind sense existence; and Theosophy must reach the point where it can lead people increasingly to permeate all knowledge with the principle of Christ.

If a clairvoyant being had been in a position to observe the earth through millennia then, it would have appeared that the entire aura of the earth suddenly changed color, radiated with different colors when the redeemer died on Golgotha. Ahura Mazdao, who had been proclaimed by Zarathustra, became at that time the elemental spirit of the earth. Christ expressed this when, at the Last Supper, he said: “This is my body” (Matt. 26:26) and, for the grape juice, found the expression, “This is my blood.” (Matt. 26:28)

If we really studied the earth we would have to see members of the spirit of Christ in everything that lives and grows, even in the smallest thing we look at. Human beings of the future will not speak of atoms; they will scientifically understand the earth as the expression of Christ.

We are standing only at the beginning of this development. Christ must first be understood in the simplest way. In the future all science will find Christ, even though it finds today nothing but a dead corpse-like existence in the sensible world. The fifth epoch can feel, to begin with, only as a perspective, that this new science is approaching, that humanity will understand in a new way what Zarathustra meant when he spoke of Ahura Mazdao.

The ancient wisdom of Zarathustra will appear again in a new form in the sixth age. Finally, the age of the holy Rishis will come again in a new form. There may be only a small band of people who understand Theosophy in our age; there may be only the smallest of groups present to hear the re-enlivened wisdom of Zarathustra in the sixth age; and, finally there may be only a fraction remaining for the seventh age. The further course of human evolution will be such that more and more people will gather together who will understand what Zarathustra proclaimed.

Then an age will come upon the earth when the victors will be those who lead the war of all against all. But the souls who will have been preserved from the sixth age must found a new culture after the war of all against all. The seventh age will have neither people who glow with enthusiasm for the spiritual, nor those who glow with enthusiasm for sense existence; even for that these people will be too blase. Very little of the Indian, the first culture, will be perceptible on the earth in the seventh age. But these souls from the sixth age when earned up into the spiritual world, purified and “Christened, will walk as it were etherically, no longer touching the earth, while humanity then will be able to master what the entire culture of earth has to offer. The seventh age will be such that here below on the earth, people living in increasingly dense and hardened bodies will make the greatest discoveries and inventions. In the seventh age, human beings wholly entangled in matter will no longer have to fear much from Theosophy, for on earth there will no longer be much to find of those transformed human beings who will have increasingly spiritualized themselves in the sixth age by absorbing Theosophy. The people who have understood the call of the master today will be carried over into a distant future. The key will be turned in the sixth cultural epoch. Those who have heard the call will be the founders of a new humanity. If only a few people are entangled with matter, the community of Laodicea will not last long. It lies within the free will of every human being to belong to either the community of Philadelphia or the community of Laodicea.

Fünfter Vortrag

Der Zeitraum der Menschheitsentwickelung, der als der vierte zu gelten hat und der charakterisiert wird durch den Brief an die Gemeinde von Thyatira, beginnt im 7. oder 8. Jahrhundert vor unserer Zeitrechnung und dauert bis zum 13. oder 14. Jahrhundert nach Christi Geburt. Von dort an erst zählen wir unseren fünften Zeitraum oder die germanische Kulturperiode. Der vierte Zeitraum steht mitten in sieben Zeiträumen drinnen und hat in der mannigfaltigsten Weise zum Ausdruck gebracht das Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod und die Liebe zum Materiellen entwickelt; er hat seine höchste Blüte in der Schönheit der griechischen Kunst.

Die Seele aber hätte eine Verfinsterung durchmachen müssen, wenn nicht das Ereignis von Golgatha eingetreten wäre, wenn nicht das Licht, das von diesem Ereignis ausging, seine Wirkung ausgeübt hätte. Nachdem der Mensch zum vollen Bewußtsein seines irdischen Ichs gekommen ist in diesem vierten Zeitraum, wo er herausgetreten ist in die physische Welt, erscheint unter anderen auch erst der Begriff des Testamentes als ein Zeichen dafür, daß der Wille des Menschen so wichtig geworden ist, daß er den Tod überdauert. Doch das tritt zuerst auf im alten Rom, noch nicht in Griechenland. Ebenso kennt Griechenland auch noch nicht den Begriff des fest auf der Erde fußenden einzelnen Menschen; erst nach und nach entwickelt sich das Gefühl, daß der einzelne Mensch nicht nur ein Gemeinschaftswesen, sondern ein Einzelner ist. Den Begriff der Persönlichkeit, den Begriff des im Menschen verankerten Göttlich-Geistigen hätte man vorher gar nicht verstanden. Im alten Griechenland konnte man nur begreifen, daß sich das Göttlich-Geistige in der geistigen Welt aufhalte. Nun aber empfindet das Griechentum im eminentesten Sinne, was es heißt, mit dem menschlichen Bewußtsein zu wissen, daß das Ich lebt, aber trotzdem noch nicht zu erkennen, daß das Ich ein Göttliches ist. Drüben im Orient war es verkündet worden durch Moses. Für den Griechen war es zwischen Geburt und Tod als Göttliches nicht da. Und es war ein tieftragisches Gefühl, das durch alle Seelen ging... [Lücke in der Nachschrift.] So sagte sich der Grieche, daß der Mensch heruntergestiegen ist aus der göttlichgeistigen Welt; aber er wußte nicht, daß er sich wieder hinaufarbeiten könne und daß er in Zukunft zurückkehren könnte in die geistige Welt.

Und das drückte sich aus im Prometheus-Mythos; das drückte sich so tragisch aus im Drama des Äschylos, wo die wahnsinnig gewordene Io dem Prometheus erscheint. Die Io, das war das alte hellseherische Bewußtsein, das in diesem vierten Zeitraum nicht mehr in normalen Bewußtseinszuständen auftreten konnte, sondern nur im Zustande des Wahnsinns.

In dem Sinne, wie es heute eine Wissenschaft gibt, gab es noch keine in den ersten Zeiträumen unserer Kultur. Der Mensch wird erst allmählich ein Suchender in den Gebieten jener Wissenschaft, die selbständig sucht in der äußeren Welt. Deshalb gibt es erst von Thales an etwas wie eine Wissenschaft. Von einer morgenländischen Philosophie zu sprechen, ist eine Abstraktion. Diejenigen, die mit Thales haben anfangen lassen die Wissenschaft, haben recht gehabt; vorher war sie immer inspiriert, herausgeboren aus den Mysterien. So war es bei Heraklit, der noch inspiriert war von der alten Mysterienweisheit. Von ihm wird uns gesagt, daß er sein Buch auf dem Altar der Göttin zu Ephesos opferte.

In demselben Maße, wie die äußere Wissenschaft beim Menschen wächst, wird das, was eigentlich Weisheit ist, gelähmt. In der Apokalypse wird uns gesagt, wie in dem vierten Briefe die Menschen den Zusammenhang finden müssen. Nehmen wir an, das Christus-Prinzip, die Offenbarung von Golgatha, wäre nicht gekommen, so wären in bezug auf die äußere Wissenschaft wohl so ausgezeichnete Menschen wie Marcus Aurelius, Seneca und so weiter dagewesen, aber die Wissenschaft würde immer mehr verstandesmäßig geworden sein und das alles hätte nicht den Wiederaufstieg zum Geiste gebracht. Celsus, der Zeitgenosse des Marcus Aurelius, erzählt über das Ereignis von Golgatha nur äußeren geschichtlichen Klatsch. Aber wissenschaftlich stehen alle diese Leute auf hoher Stufe.

In diese Strömung war aber gekommen, was man Skeptizismus nennt und im Römertum findet man neben einer raffinierten Wissenschaft in bezug auf das Geistige einen vollen Skeptizismus. Sehen wir uns dagegen einmal eine Persönlichkeit wie Augustinus an; er ist nicht in der Lage, zu etwas anderem zu kommen als zum Zweifeln gegenüber dem, was er kennengelernt hat als griechisch-römische Wissenschaft. Nun tritt ihm das Manichäertum entgegen, das er aber in falscher Gestalt kennenlernt. Er lernt da eine Lehre kennen, die mit alledem rechnet, was durch Zarathustra gelehrt worden war. Seine Seele aber ist noch nicht geeignet, dies alles in sich aufzunehmen, weil die Seele eines damaligen Menschen nicht darauf angelegt war, einen solchen hohen Geistesflug zu unternehmen und hinter der physischen Welt noch überall den Geist zu sehen. Die Wissenschaft, die bis zu den Sternen gedrungen war, verfiel, und selbst wenn diese Wissenschaft zu den Europäern gedrungen wäre, hätte keine Seele sie verstehen können. Die Seele mußte geheftet bleiben an das, was man in der äußeren Sinnenwelt sieht.

Erst in der Zeit der Renaissance wacht die Wissenschaft wieder auf. Was von Griechenland und Rom angeregt war, das wird zur arabischen Weisheit, zum Geist des Mohammedanismus. Der Arabismus hat sich dann von Spanien aus über Europa ausgebreitet. Groß ist diese Wissenschaft in allem, was sich auf das unmittelbar Sinnliche bezieht. Die Wissenschaft, die im eminentesten Sinne Anregung geworden ist zur europäischen Wissenschaft, die Bacon und Spinoza beeinflußt hat, sie entspringt dem spanischen Arabertum, sie kommt von Spanien. Sie kann aber nicht hinaufsteigen über einen Pantheismus hinaus, der gar nicht zu konkreten Geistwesen kommen kann. Zum Konkreten kam der Arabismus nicht; er stieg bis zum sinnlichen Menschen hinauf, aber das, was man darüber sah, war nur eine abstrakte göttliche Einheit, von der man nicht weiß, was sie ist. Eine arme und bequeme Weltanschauung! Man hat eben keine Kenntnis vom Geist, wenn man ihn zusammenfaßt in einer Einheit. Darin liegt die Armut des Pantheismus.

So kam der Mensch in den fünften Zeitraum mit einer äußeren Wissenschaft hinein, die gerade im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert anfing, ihren größten Aufschwung zu nehmen. Wir sehen das zum Beispiel bei den Scholastikern. Da erleben wir die Morgenröte der neuen Wissenschaft, die aber ganz gefesselt ist an die Sinneswelt, die auch nicht einen Schritt hinaus kann über die Sinneswelt. Und so sehen wir, wie die Spaltung auftritt zwischen Glauben und Wissen. Eine Hindeutung auf ein Geistiges, das hinter der Sonne steht, hatte Augustinus nicht verstehen können; er hatte den Manichäismus nicht verstanden, weil dort von dem Sinnenschleier gesprochen wird, der über das Geistige gebreitet ist. Glauben konnte er an den Christus, der in den physischen Menschen herabgestiegen ist. Aber Glauben und Wissen hatten sich damals schon ganz und gar gespalten. Alle Gläubigen, die auf der mittelalterlichen Wissenschaft fußten, wollten Glauben und Wissenschaft ganz und gar getrennt haben. Schematisch können wir uns das klarmachen, wie das, was sich von der griechisch-lateinischen Zeit fortsetzt, nur auf das äußere Physische geht. Die Menschheitsentwickelung geht dabei so, daß wir jetzt wieder das Wissen erleben, das gepflegt wurde im chaldäisch-ägyptischen Zeitraum, nur durchleuchtet und durchgeistigt von dem Christus-Impuls. Da sehen wir überall in Europa alte ägyptische Weistümer auftauchen, aber durchleuchtet vom Christus-Prinzip. In unserer Zeit wird der Mensch nur immer bewußt und bewußter dies in sich aufnehmen können durch die rosenkreuzerische Lehre.

Wenn die alten Ägypter von den Sternen sprachen, so meinten sie das Geistige der Sterne, von dem sie noch Kenntnis hatten. Dadurch, daß ein wunderbares Bewußtsein vom alten Wissen hineindringt in die Wissenschaft des Kopernikus und Kepler, sehen wir, wie ganz in physischer Gestalt das herauskommt, was die alten Ägypter gewußt haben. Hatten sie damals Wesen gesehen, die durch die Weltenräume gingen, so sah man jetzt nur noch Kugeln in elliptischen Linien sich bewegen.

Aber der fünfte Zeitraum war berufen, die spirituelle Welt hinter dem Sinnesdasein wiederzufinden, und die Theosophie mußte dazu kommen, daß sie den Menschen wieder dahin führe, alles Wissen mehr und mehr mit dem Christus-Prinzip zu durchdringen.

Wenn ein hellseherisches Wesen durch Jahrtausende hindurch imstande gewesen wäre, die Erde zu beobachten, so würde es gesehen haben, wie damals, als der Erlöser auf Golgatha starb, plötzlich die ganze Erdenaura sich in anderem Lichte färbte, in anderen Farben aufstrahlte. Der von Zarathustra verkündete Ahura Mazdao ist damals der elementarische Geist der Erde geworden. Das drückt der Christus aus, indem er beim Abendmahl sagt: «Das ist mein Leib» (Mt. 26, 26), und für den Traubensaft findet er den Ausdruck: «Das ist mein Blut.» (Vgl. Mt. 26, 28)

Wenn wir nun im wirklichen Sinne die Erde studieren, so müssen wir wieder sehen in allem, was da wächst und lebt, die Glieder des Christus-Geistes, selbst in dem kleinsten, was wir sehen. Der künftige Mensch wird nicht von Atomen sprechen; er wird wissenschaftlich die Erde als Ausdruck des Christus verstehen.

Wir stehen erst im Anfang dieser Entwickelung; der Christus muß erst verstanden werden in der einfachsten Art. Alle Wissenschaft wird in Zukunft den Christus finden, wenn sie heute auch im Sinnlichen nur bloß ein Totes, ein Leichenhaftes sieht. Aber daß das kommt, das kann der fünfte Zeitraum zunächst nur als eine Perspektive empfinden dadurch, daß er in einer neuen Art begreifen wird, was der Zarathustra meinte, wenn er von Ahura Mazdao sprach.

Im sechsten Zeitraum wird wieder auftauchen in neuer Form die alte Zarathustra-Weisheit. Und zuletzt wird wiederkommen in neuer Form die Zeit der heiligen Rishis. Mag es nur ein kleines Häuflein sein, das die Theosophie in diesem Zeitraum verstehen wird, mag es ein noch so kleines Häuflein sein, das die wiederauflebende Zarathustra-Weisheit im sechsten Zeitraum hören wird und wird endlich nur ein Bruchteil übrigbleiben für den siebenten Zeitraum: der weitere Gang der Menschheitsentwickelung wird so sein, daß immer mehr Menschen sich zusammenscharen werden, die wieder verstehen werden das, was der Zarathustra verkündet hat.

Dann aber wird eine Zeit über die Erde kommen, wo diejenigen Sieger sein werden, die den Streit aller gegen alle führen werden. Aber die Seelen, die aus dem sechsten Zeitraum aufbewahrt sein werden, müssen nach dem Kriege aller gegen alle eine neue Kultur begründen. Der siebente Zeitraum wird weder Menschen haben, die für das Geistige erglühen, noch solche, die für das Sinnesdasein erglühen; selbst dazu werden diese Menschen zu blasiert sein. Im siebenten Zeitraum wird sehr wenig auf der Erde zu spüren sein von der indischen, der ersten Kultur; aber hinaufgetragen in die geistige Welt, geläutert und verchristlicht werden diese Seelen aus dem sechsten Zeitraum wandeln, wie ätherisch gleichsam, die Erde nicht mehr berührend, während jetzt die Menschen sich das schon erobern können, was die ganze Erdenkultur zu geben hat. Der siebente Zeitraum wird so sein, daß hier unten in immer dichteren physischen Leibern leben werden die, welche die höchsten Erfindungen und Entdeckungen machen werden. Im siebenten Zeitraum werden die ganz in die Materie verstrickten Menschen nicht mehr viel zu fürchten haben von der Theosophie, denn es werden auf Erden nicht mehr viele zu finden sein von jenen spiritualisierten Menschen, die jetzt die Theosophie aufgenommen haben und sich im sechsten Zeitraum immer inehr spiritualisiert haben werden.

Die Menschen, die heute den Ruf der Meister verstanden haben werden, werden in eine ferne Zukunft hinübergetragen. Der Schlüssel wird umgedreht in der sechsten Kulturepoche. Diejenigen, die den Ruf gehört haben, werden Mitbegründer eines neuen Menschentums sein. Wenn wenige Menschen nur mit der Materie sich verstrikken, dann wird die Gemeinde von Laodicea nicht lange dauern. Es steht im freien Willen des Menschen, zur Gemeinde von Philadelphia oder zu jener von Laodicea zu gehören.

Fifth Lecture

Kristiania, May 14, 1909

The period of human development that is considered the fourth and is characterized by the letter to the church in Thyatira begins in the 7th or 8th century BCE and lasts until the 13th or 14th century CE. From there, we begin counting our fifth period, or the Germanic cultural period. The fourth period stands in the middle of seven periods and has expressed in the most diverse ways the life between birth and death and the love of the material; it reached its highest flowering in the beauty of Greek art.

But the soul would have had to go through a period of darkness if the event at Golgotha had not taken place, if the light that emanated from this event had not exerted its effect. After human beings have come to full consciousness of their earthly ego in this fourth period, when they have stepped out into the physical world, the concept of the will comes into being among other things as a sign that the will of human beings has become so important that it survives death. But this first appears in ancient Rome, not yet in Greece. Likewise, Greece did not yet know the concept of the individual human being firmly rooted on earth; only gradually did the feeling develop that the individual human being is not only a social being but also an individual. The concept of personality, the concept of the divine-spiritual anchored in the human being, would not have been understood before. In ancient Greece, it was only possible to understand that the divine-spiritual dwells in the spiritual world. Now, however, the Greeks feel in the most eminent sense what it means to know with human consciousness that the I lives, but still not to recognize that the I is divine. Over in the Orient, this had been proclaimed by Moses. For the Greeks, it did not exist as something divine between birth and death. And it was a deeply tragic feeling that passed through all souls... [Gap in the transcript.] So the Greeks said that man had descended from the divine-spiritual world; but they did not know that he could work his way back up again and that he could return to the spiritual world in the future.

And this was expressed in the myth of Prometheus; it was expressed so tragically in the drama of Aeschylus, where the mad Io appears to Prometheus. Io was the ancient clairvoyant consciousness, which in this fourth period could no longer appear in normal states of consciousness, but only in a state of madness.

In the sense in which science exists today, it did not yet exist in the early periods of our culture. Man is only gradually becoming a seeker in the fields of that science which searches independently in the outer world. That is why something like science only came into being with Thales. To speak of an Eastern philosophy is an abstraction. Those who began science with Thales were right; before that, it was always inspired, born out of the mysteries. This was the case with Heraclitus, who was still inspired by the ancient wisdom of the mysteries. We are told that he sacrificed his book on the altar of the goddess at Ephesus.

To the same extent that external science grows in man, what is actually wisdom becomes paralyzed. In the Apocalypse, we are told how, in the fourth letter, people must find the connection. Let us assume that the Christ principle, the revelation of Golgotha, had not come. Then, in relation to external science, there would have been such outstanding people as Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and so on, but science would have become more and more intellectual, and all this would not have brought about the re-ascent to the spirit. Celsus, a contemporary of Marcus Aurelius, recounts the events of Golgotha only as external historical gossip. But scientifically, all these people are on a high level.

However, what came into this current was what is called skepticism, and in Roman culture, alongside a sophisticated science in relation to the spiritual, one finds complete skepticism. Let us look, on the other hand, at a personality such as Augustine; he is unable to come to anything other than doubting what he has come to know as Greek-Roman science. Now he encounters Manichaeism, which he gets to know in a false form. He learns a doctrine that reckons with everything that had been taught by Zarathustra. But his soul is not yet ready to take all this in, because the soul of a person of that time was not designed to undertake such a high flight of the spirit and to see the spirit everywhere behind the physical world. The science that had reached the stars fell into decline, and even if this science had reached the Europeans, no soul would have been able to understand it. The soul had to remain attached to what one sees in the outer sensory world.

It was not until the Renaissance that science reawakened. What had been inspired by Greece and Rome became Arab wisdom, the spirit of Mohammedanism. Arabism then spread from Spain throughout Europe. This science is great in everything that relates to the immediate senses. The science that became the most eminent inspiration for European science, which influenced Bacon and Spinoza, sprang from Spanish Arabism; it came from Spain. However, it cannot rise above a pantheism that cannot arrive at concrete spiritual beings. Arabism did not reach the concrete; it rose to the level of the sensual human being, but what was seen above that was only an abstract divine unity, of which one does not know what it is. A poor and convenient worldview! One has no knowledge of the spirit when one summarizes it in a unity. Therein lies the poverty of pantheism.

Thus, human beings entered the fifth period with an external science that began to flourish in the 13th and 14th centuries. We see this, for example, in the scholastics. Here we experience the dawn of a new science, but one that is completely bound to the sensory world and cannot take a single step beyond it. And so we see how the division between faith and knowledge arises. Augustine could not understand the hint of a spiritual realm behind the sun; he did not understand Manichaeism because it spoke of a veil of the senses spread over the spiritual realm. He could believe in Christ who descended into physical man. But faith and knowledge had already become completely divided at that time. All believers who based their beliefs on medieval science wanted faith and science to be completely separate. We can illustrate this schematically by showing how what continued from the Greek-Latin period only applied to the outer physical world. Human development proceeds in such a way that we are now once again experiencing the knowledge that was cultivated in the Chaldean-Egyptian period, only illuminated and spiritualized by the Christ impulse. We see ancient Egyptian traditions emerging everywhere in Europe, but illuminated by the Christ principle. In our time, human beings will only be able to consciously absorb this more and more through the Rosicrucian teachings.

When the ancient Egyptians spoke of the stars, they meant the spiritual essence of the stars, which they still knew about. Through the penetration of a wonderful consciousness of ancient knowledge into the science of Copernicus and Kepler, we see how what the ancient Egyptians knew emerges in physical form. Whereas they had seen beings passing through the spaces of the world, now only spheres moving in elliptical lines could be seen.

But the fifth period was destined to rediscover the spiritual world behind sensory existence, and theosophy had to come about in order to lead people back to permeating all knowledge more and more with the Christ principle.

If a clairvoyant being had been able to observe the earth for thousands of years, it would have seen how, when the Redeemer died on Golgotha, the entire aura of the earth suddenly took on a different hue and shone in different colors. The Ahura Mazdao proclaimed by Zarathustra became the elemental spirit of the earth at that time. Christ expresses this when he says at the Last Supper: “This is my body” (Matthew 26:26), and for the grape juice he finds the expression: “This is my blood” (cf. Matthew 26:28).

If we now study the earth in the real sense, we must again see in everything that grows and lives the members of the Christ spirit, even in the smallest things we see. The future human being will not speak of atoms; he will scientifically understand the earth as an expression of Christ.

We are only at the beginning of this development; Christ must first be understood in the simplest way. All science will find Christ in the future, even if today it sees only something dead and corpse-like in the sensory world. But that this will come about can only be perceived in the fifth epoch as a prospect, in that it will understand in a new way what Zarathustra meant when he spoke of Ahura Mazdao.

In the sixth epoch, the ancient wisdom of Zarathustra will reappear in a new form. And finally, the time of the holy Rishis will return in a new form. Even if only a small group understands Theosophy in this period, even if only a tiny group hears the revived wisdom of Zarathustra in the sixth period, and even if only a fraction remains for the seventh period, the further course of human development will be such that more and more people will gather together who will once again understand what Zarathustra proclaimed.

But then a time will come upon the earth when those who wage war against all will be victorious. But the souls that will have been preserved from the sixth period will have to establish a new culture after the war of all against all. The seventh period will have neither people who are passionate about the spiritual, nor those who are passionate about the sensory existence; these people will be too jaded even for that. In the seventh period, very little of the Indian, the first culture, will be felt on earth; but carried up into the spiritual world, purified and Christianized, these souls from the sixth period will walk, as it were, ethereally, no longer touching the earth, while now people will be able to conquer what the whole earthly culture has to offer. The seventh period will be such that those who make the highest inventions and discoveries will live here below in ever denser physical bodies. In the seventh period, people who are completely entangled in matter will no longer have much to fear from theosophy, for there will no longer be many on earth of those spiritualized people who have now taken up theosophy and will have become increasingly spiritualized during the sixth period.

Those who have understood the call of the Masters today will be carried over into a distant future. The key will be turned in the sixth cultural epoch. Those who have heard the call will be co-founders of a new humanity. If few people become entangled only with matter, then the church of Laodicea will not last long. It is up to the free will of human beings to belong to the church of Philadelphia or to that of Laodicea.