Reading the Pictures of the Apocalypse
GA 104a
13 May 1909, Kristiania
Lecture II-IV
In the seven letters to the churches found in the Apocalypse we find a portrayal of the great main epoch of the seven post-Atlantean ages, from the mighty Atlantean water catastrophe to the event that is called the war of all against all.
We will now consider some important passages from the letters in order to show the compass of John's overview. He came from a cultural era when much was still taken for granted, much that, today, could appear to ordinary consciousness as forced.
The leading power behind these cultural epochs is presented with the seven stars in his hand. Looking at the cultural epoch that saw the outer world as maya or illusion, we find there the chorus of seven holy Rishis, who point to Vishva Karman. The writer of the Apocalypse sees him as the being who has the wisdom of the seven stars in his hand. Above all the writer of the Apocalypse must look into the future. Because he is speaking to the descendants of the Atlantean cultural epoch he refers to what lives in their memories. So he calls the Nicolaitans the representatives of black magic, who are excluded from the community that preserved the “first love.” Therefore, he says of those who have continued to keep themselves from becoming entangled in matter, that they will develop into the future. Those who hear this admonishment will easily find their way back into the spiritual world.
Then he speaks to the people of the second cultural epoch, the age of Zarathustra. He speaks to the followers of the great Zarathustra who have recorded their wisdom in the teachings of Hermes, who have preserved for us an echo of Zarathustra's teaching. Indications are given everywhere in these writings that people should not develop a love for dreamy wandering, that they should get to like life in the physical, sensible world. They are to see the sun as the expression of a being, the spirit of the sun, and they should look upon the stars as the bodies of the spirits who populate space. For this reason it was the concern of Zarathustra to show the physical-material world as the expression of the spirit. In this way the cultivation of the earth's fields should be like a cultivation of the physical body of God, who stands behind the physical world. The ancient Hebrew nation that existed parallel to the ancient Persian culture also looked up to this God. They also had a religious service to Zarathustra, which is indicated in Abraham's encounter with Melchizedek.
From this we see that remnants of the second cultural epoch remained. We know how mightily the great Zarathustra admonished the people to work with the earth but not to become slaves of matter. The power that wants to mislead people into thinking there is nothing but physical matter he calls Ahriman, the ahrimanic power. The danger arises through Ahriman that the human being may come to like physical life too much.
In the ancient Hebrew wisdom, Ahriman was given a name made up of two parts: Mephiz-Tophel, Mephistopheles. This is he who called to Faust, who believed in the spirit and went to the “Mothers,” that is, entered the spiritual world: “You are coming to nothing!” Like Faust, those who are seeking the spirit call back to the materialists: “In your nothing I know how to find all.”1Faust II (Act 1, Royal Palatinate, Dark Gallery, line 6255). So the writer of the Apocalypse had to say: “Have no fear ... Some of you Tophel will weave into the prison of matter.” (Rev. 2:10) These are the ones who have become too wrapped up in matter.
We know that human beings must descend into various incarnations on the earth where they live their lives in physical, sensible bodies. Every life on earth is followed by a life in the spiritual world. One day this ring of reincarnations will be closed. The profound meaning of these reincarnations, if we understand well the second letter of the Apocalypse, is this: human beings should struggle through to a consciousness of self, to their I consciousness.
The soul saw the world so very differently in the ancient Indian epoch, and how much has the soul seen since then in other incarnations! Today we perceive in a way entirely different from earlier incarnations. As the soul ascends from stage to stage we acquire the concept of history. A thinking human being must say: There is a history of life in the spiritual world. Because in elementary theosophical teaching we cannot describe the life between death and a new birth in more detail we usually describe the life in devachan and kamaloca only in general terms. But it is different during each of the various cultural epochs; for souls always have something different to experience. We can describe this history only in separate characteristic features.
Let us look back to ancient Atlantis; human beings were still in their soul and spiritual home during life on earth. During the ancient Indian age human beings were still in the spiritual world at night and after they passed through the gate of death. In this original home it became light and bright around them. To the extent that people came increasingly to like this physical world, to that extent they lost their vision into the spiritual world; it became darker and darker for them.
During the Egyptian culture human beings already stood so firmly in the physical world that they had to be taught to live in such a way that they could find Osiris in the other world. Only in this way could the students still feel the light between death and a new birth. The teaching of The Book of the Dead and the “judges of the dead” should be understood in this way: Only by uniting with the Light of Osiris, the Osiris impulse, could human beings hope that the spiritual world would be filled with light and brightness for them.
Let us now look at the Greco-Latin age when people had become so fond of physical matter that they created physical forms incorporating ideals in the physical world. That is why a human being of that time could say, “Rather a beggar on earth than a king in the kingdom of shadows.”2Homer in the 11th book of the Odyssey. It is not merely a legend that people went into darkness when they descended into Hades. Humankind is in danger of losing itself in the world of the senses. That is why God had to descend into this sense perceptible world, this sense existence, and save it.
Zarathustra proclaimed Ahura Mazdao through the veil of the sensible-sensual world. Yahweh was proclaimed to Moses in the burning bush through the veil of the sensible-sensual world. Then the same power proclaimed himself as Christ in the body of Jesus of Nazareth. What then occurred had significance not only for the physical world but also for the spiritual world.
In the same moment when the blood flowed from the wounds of the redeemer, Christ appeared in the underworld to the souls who stood between death and a new birth. Below in the realm of matter the blood is flowing and while it is flowing, the kingdom of the dead begins to become brighter and brighter. To the extent that our culture now begins to climb upward to a spiritual understanding of the fact of Golgotha, the brightness grows.
History is everywhere, in the physical and in the spiritual. The whole of our post-Atlantean cultural evolution has as its meaning the goal of leading humanity through the physical world while, at the same time, keeping awake faith in the spirit. It is always the same principle that manifests in the successive cultural epochs.
The writer of the Apocalypse turns his clairvoyant vision to the fact that these are people who are becoming one with matter, who are using up the spiritual forces they possess like an old inheritance without joining company with Christ. Such people would gradually lose devachan; kamaloca would last longer and longer and they would be captured, united with the gravity of earth.
Today only black magicians do this; ordinary human beings cannot yet close themselves off from all wisdom. The writer of the Apocalypse, however, must place everything in perspective in order to point out that the impulse of Christ is what saves human beings. For this reason the second letter says that it would be the “second death”—the “spiritual death” as Paul refers to it. The admonishment had to come in the second letter because this letter refers to the second cultural epoch. In the first post-Atlantean epoch this admonishment did not need to be directed to humankind.
In the second letter the leading spirit characterizes himself as “the alpha and the omega.” (Rev. 1:8) In all of occultism there are certain symbols that dominate and always mean the same thing. In ancient Egyptian times value was placed on the formation of wisdom through the word; wisdom appeared then for the first time in rigorously delineated words. The Indian world did not yet place any value on knowledge; the culture of Zarathustra just as little. For this reason the divine power of the word in the mouths of human beings is everywhere signified by the “sword.”
Everywhere we find the sword employed as a symbol of the humanization of divine power. “And to the angel of the community in Pergamon wrote: ‘The words of him who has the sharp two-edged sword.’” (Rev. 2:12) But through knowledge the human being can also most be misled into black magic.
In the Bible human beings experience the power of God that flows to them as “manna.” Let us now consider the full character of this age. Yahweh reveals himself in the burning bush on Sinai. “Then Yahweh spoke to Moses: ‘I am the I am.’ And he spoke: ‘You should say to the sons of Israel: ‘The I am has sent me to you!’” (Exodus 3:13) With these words the people were told: The I am has sent me to you! Yahweh is the unpronounceable name of God. The name “I” can never be spoken to a human being from outside. It is the intimate name of God that human beings are only permitted to receive, sanctified in their hearts. It was written on the altar of the tabernacle. Therefore, we read: “To him who overcomes I will give some of the hidden manna and I will give him a white stone with a new name written on the white stone ... (Rev. 2:17) Those who received the I learned through an inner power of the spirit to recognize the name with the hidden manna. Through the fact that Christ revealed himself in a physical body on the earth, human beings are to learn not to disdain the earth like the ascetics, but to recognize that this earth has something to give them. And so, the thirst for existence should not be extinguished but we should purify our desires. The westerner should say: “Here work is done; here hands are in motion and what is achieved here is taken through the gate of death.” It is not our intention to tell of miracles but, through legends, to come to realize what humanity has been given as wisdom.
We hear that Buddha had an important pupil, Cassapa.3This disciple of Buddha was also called Maha-Cassapa, because he was a chief support for the buddhistic brotherhood. After his conversion he immediately assumed a very high rank among Buddha's followers. According to the legend he called together the first gathering after Buddha's death and functioned as the leader. He is considered the collector of the canon and is the first buddhistic patriarch. He was the one whose task it was to spread the teaching of Buddha. We are told in a legend that Cassapa did not die but disappeared into a cave. There his physical body is being preserved until the day when the Maitreya Buddha appears. Then the mortal remains of Cassapa will be touched by the fire of heaven and dissolved.
Let us think our way into this teaching. How will there be people in the future who can understand the teaching of the Maitreya Buddha? Through the fact that the redeemer himself carried his own mortal remains to heaven after three and a half days.4Compare the lecture cycle held in Karlsruhe, From Jesus to Christ (GA 131) (London: Rudolf Steiner Press, 1973), lectures held on 11, 12, 14 of October 1911. That means that those human beings who unite themselves with the impulse of Christ will take what they have achieved as the fruit of their lives with them and carry it into the spiritual world. We will see how, by means of the connection with the principle of Christ, all the fruits of earthly existence can be carried into the spiritual world. The teachings of the Orient have always proclaimed the future coming of the Christ, even in their legends. Because we are to learn in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch how the earthly-physical element directly goes over into the spiritual world, this is presented to us with the phrase “he has eyes like a flame of fire” (Rev. 1:14) and we are told: “His feet were like burnished bronze, refined as in a furnace.—(Rev. 1:15) Later we read, “And all the communities shall know that I am he who searches mind and heart ...” (Rev. 2:23) Here we are told that Christ is the one who brings the “I am.” This inconspicuous little word must merely be read. The meaning is that the principle behind the “I am” will become the savior who leads us out of the material world. Word for word, line for line the text can be explained in this way.
The contents of the fifth letter (Rev. 3:1–6) are especially important for us. We read there that we have received the secret of the name through the teaching concerning the development of the earth, which is given to us by the “masters of wisdom and the harmony of feeling.”5Compare: Zur Geschichte und aus den Inhalten der ersten Abteilung der Esoterischen Schule 1904—1914 (GA 264), chapter titled: “Aus dem Lehrgut der Meister der Welshed ...” [Concerning the History of and from the Content of the First Section of the Esoteric School 1904—1914, chapter entitled: “From the Teachings of the Masters of Wisdom ...”], pp. 199–240, and the appendix, pp. 241–259.
Vierter Vortrag
In den sieben Sendschreiben oder sieben Briefen der Apokalypse kommt zur Darstellung das große Hauptzeitalter der nachatlantischen Kulturen von der gewaltigen atlantischen Wasserkatastrophe an bis zu dem Ereignis, das man nennt den Krieg aller gegen alle.
Wir werden nun einige wichtige Stellen der Briefe betrachten, um an ihnen den Umfang des Überblickes des Apokalyptikers zu zeigen. Er stammt ja aus einer Zeitkultur, in der noch manches als selbstverständlich hingenommen wurde, was heute dem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein gezwungen erscheinen kann.
Die führende Macht dieser Kulturepochen wird so hingestellt, daß sie die sieben Sterne in der Hand hat. Anschauend die Kulturepoche, welche die äußere Welt als Maja oder Illusion ansah, finden wir da den Chor der sieben heiligen Rishis, die zu dem Vishva Karman hinaufweisen; den sieht der Apokalyptiker als die Wesenheit, welche die Weisheit von den sieben Sternen in der Hand hat. Vor allen Dingen muß der Apokalyptiker in die Zukunft hineinblicken. Da er aber zu Nachkommen der atlantischen Kulturepochen spricht, so spricht er, indem er Bezug nimmt auf das, was in ihrer Erinnerung lebte. So nennt er die Nikolaiten die Repräsentanten der schwarzen Magie, die ausgeschlossen sind aus dieser Gemeinde, welche sich die «erste Liebe» bewahrt hat. So sagt er von denen, die sich immerdar bewahrten vor dem Verstricktsein in die Materie, daß sie sich hineinentwickeln werden in die Zukunft. Diejenigen, die diese Ermahnungen vernehmen, werden leicht den Weg in die geistige Welt zurückfinden.
Und nun spricht er zu den Menschen der zweiten Kulturepoche, der Zarathustra-Zeit, zu den Nachfolgern des großen Zarathustra, die ihre Weisheit in den Lehren des Hermes niedergelegt haben, die uns einen Nachklang der Zarathustra-Lehre bewahren. Überall wird dort darauf hingewiesen, daß die Menschen nicht die Liebe zum Herumschweifen entwickeln sollen und daß sie das physisch-sinnliche Leben liebgewinnen sollen. Sie sollen hinaufsehen zur Sonne als zum Ausdruck des Sonnengeistes und zu den Sternen als den Leibern der Geister, die den Raum bevölkern. Darum handelte es sich dem Zarathustra, das materielle Physische als Ausdruck des Geistes zu zeigen. So sollte das Bearbeiten der Ackerscholle wie ein Hineinarbeiten in den physischen Leib Gottes sein, der hinter der physischen Welt steht und zu dem auch aufsah die Gruppe des althebräischen Volkes, die parallel ging mit der urpersischen Kultur. Auch diese hatte einen Zarathustra-Dienst; das wird angedeutet in der Begegnung des Abraham mit Melchisedek.
Daran sehen wir, daß Reste geblieben sind von dieser. zweiten Kulturepoche. Wir wissen, wie gewaltig der große Zarathustra gemahnt hat, daß die Menschen wohl die Erde bearbeiten, aber nicht zu Sklaven der Materie werden sollen. Diese Macht, die den Menschen vorgaukeln will, daß es nur physische Materie gibt, nannte er Ahriman, die ahrimanischen Mächte. Durch ihn entsteht ja die Gefahr, daß der Mensch das physische Leben zu lieb gewinnt.
In der hebräischen Weisheit nannte man mit zwei zusammengefügten Namen den Ahriman: Mephiz-Tophel, Mephistopheles, der dem an den Geist glaubenden Faust, der den Gang zu den «Müttern», das heißt in die geistige Welt antritt, entgegenruft: Du kommst zum Nichts. — Wie Faust rufen die den Geist Suchenden den Materialisten wieder zu: «In deinem Nichts hoff’ ich das All zu finden.» So muß der Apokalyptiker sagen: «Hab keine Furcht... etliche von euch wird der Tophel in das Gefängnis der Materie verweben» (vgl. Apk. 2, 10) — das sind diejenigen, die sich zu innig mit der Materie verwoben haben.
Wir wissen, wie der Mensch durch verschiedene Verkörperungen auf die Erde herabsteigen muß; da machte er solche Leben im sinnlichen Leibe durch. Auf ein jedes Leben auf Erden folgt immer das in der geistigen Welt. Einmal wird dieser Ring von Wiederverkörperungen geschlossen sein. Der tiefe Sinn der Verkörperungen, wenn wir gut verstehen wollen den zweiten Brief des Apokalyptikers, ist der, daß der Mensch sein Selbstbewußtsein, sein Ich-Bewußtsein erringen soll.
Wieviel anderes sah die Seele zur alten indischen Zeit, was alles sah die Seele später in anderen Verkörperungen! Heute nehmen wir ganz anderes wahr als in früheren Verkörperungen. Indem die Seele aufsteigt von Stufe zu Stufe, erhalten wir den Begriff von dem, was wir Geschichte nennen. Der denkende Mensch muß sich sagen: Es gibt eine Geschichte des Lebens in der geistigen Welt. Wir schildern gewöhnlich nur im allgemeinen das Leben in Devachan und Kamaloka, denn wir können in der elementaren theosophischen Lehre das Leben zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt nicht eingehender beschreiben. Und doch ist es jedesmal anders, je nach den verschiedenen Kulturepochen; denn die Seele hatte immer etwas anderes zu erleben. Wir können diese Geschichte nur in einzelnen charakteristischen Zügen beschreiben.
Blicken wir zurück in die alte Atlantis; da war der Mensch noch drinnen in seiner geistig-seelischen Heimat während des Lebens auf der Erde. Aber in der alten indischen Zeit war der Mensch nur noch darinnen während der Nacht und wenn er durch die Pforte des Todes ging. In dieser Urheimat wurde es dann licht und hell um ihn. In demselben Maße, als die Menschen diese physische Welt lieber und lieber gewannen, verloren sie das Schauen in die geistige Welt; sie wurde ihnen dunkler und dunkler.
Während der ägyptischen Kultur stand der Mensch schon so sehr in der physischen Welt, daß ihm gelehrt werden mußte, hier so zu leben, daß er Osiris da drüben finden könne; nur dadurch konnten die Schüler noch das Licht empfinden zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt. Die Lehre von dem «Totenbuch» und den «Totenrichtern» ist so zu verstehen, daß nur durch die Verbindung mit dem Osiris-Licht, dem Osiris-Impuls der Mensch hoffen konnte, daß die geistige Welt ihm licht und hell sein würde.
Schauen wir nun in die griechisch-lateinische Zeit, wo die Menschen, die so lieb gewonnen hatten die physische Materie, Idealgestalten schaffen konnten in der physischen Welt. Deshalb konnte ein Mensch der damaligen Zeit sagen: «Lieber ein Bettler auf Erden als ein König im Reich der Schatten.» Es ist nicht bloß eine Legende, daß
die Menschen in die Finsternis eingingen, wenn sie in den Hades hinabstiegen. Es drohte der Menschheit, sich in der sinnlichen Welt zu verlieren. Deshalb mußte der Gott, der herabstieg in diese sinnliche Welt, in das Sinnendasein, sie erlösen.
Durch den Schleier der Sinnlichkeit verkündet Zarathustra den Ahura Mazdao. Im brennenden Dornbusch verkündete sich durch den Schleier der Sinnlichkeit der Jehova dem Moses. Dann verkündete sich dieselbe Macht als Christus im Leibe des Jesus von Nazareth. Und dann geschah, was nicht nur Bedeutung für die physische Welt, sondern auch für die geistige Welt hat.
In demselben Augenblick, da das Blut aus den Wunden des Erlösers rinnt, erscheint der Christus in der Unterwelt den Seelen, die da standen zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt. Unten im Materiellen fließt das Blut, und während es unten fließt, beginnt das Reich der Toten heller und heller zu werden. In dem Maße, als unsere Kultur nun aufwärts steigt zum geistigen Verstehen der Tatsache von Golgatha, wächst die Helligkeit.
Geschichte ist überall, im Physischen und im Geistigen; die ganze nachatlantische Kulturentwickelung hat den Sinn, die Menschheit hindurchzuführen durch die physische Welt, aber in ihr wachzuhalten den Glauben an den Geist. Immer ist es dasselbe Prinzip, das sich in den aufeinanderfolgenden Kulturepochen manifestiert.
Dasjenige, worauf der Apokalyptiker seinen Seherblick wendet, ist, daß es Menschen gibt, die eins werden mit der Materie, die aufbrauchen die geistigen Kräfte, die sie als altes Erbgut besitzen, ohne sich anzuschließen an den Christus. Ein solcher Mensch würde nach und nach das Devachan verlieren, das Kamaloka würde länger und länger dauern, und der Mensch würde gefesselt sein, mit der Schwere der Erde verbunden.
Dies tun heute nur die schwarzen Magier; der gewöhnliche Mensch kann sich noch nicht aller Weisheit verschließen. Der Apokalyptiker muß aber alles hinstellen in der Perspektive, um darauf hinzuweisen, daß der Impuls des Christus es ist, der sie errettet. Im zweiten Sendschreiben heißt es deshalb, das wäre der «zweite Tod» — der «geistige Tod», wie Paulus es nennt. Weil wir im zweiten Briefe auf die zweite Kulturepoche hingewiesen werden, mußte diese Ermahnung kommen; in der ersten Kulturepoche brauchte sie noch nicht an die Menschheit gerichtet zu werden.
Im zweiten Briefe charakterisiert sich der führende Geist als «Ich bin das Alpha und das Omega». (Apk. 1, 8) In allem Okkultismus herrschen gewisse Symbole, die immer dasselbe bedeuten. In der alten ägyptischen Zeit wurde Wert gelegt auf die Formung der Weisheit durch das Wort; da tritt zum ersten Male Wissenschaft auf in streng abgegrenztem Wort. Die indische Welt legte noch keinen Wert auf Wissenschaft; ebensowenig die Zarathustra-Kultur. Deshalb wird diese menschliche Götterkraft des Wortes überall angedeutet durch das «Schwert»; wir finden das Schwert überall als Symbolum der Vermenschlichung der Götterkraft. «Und dem Engel der Gemeinde in Pergamon schreibe: So spricht, der das scharfe zweischneidige Schwert hat.» (Apk. 2, 12) Durch das Wissen wird aber der Mensch am meisten verführt zur schwarzen Magie.
In der Bibel erlebt der Mensch die Götterkraft, die ihm zufließt, als das «Manna». Nehmen wir jetzt die volle Charakteristik des Zeitraumes: Es offenbart sich Jehova auf Sinai im brennenden Dornbusch. «Da sprach Jahve zu Moses: «Ich bin der Ich-bin.» Und er sprach: «So sollst du den Söhnen Israels sprechen: Der Ich-bin hat mich zu euch gesandt.»» (Vgl. 2. Mose 3, 14) Damit wurde den Menschen gesagt: Der Ich-bin hat mich zu euch gesandt! Jahve ist der Name des unaussprechlichen Gottes. Niemals kann der Name «Ich» zum Menschen von außen erklingen; das ist der intime Gottesname, den der Mensch nur geheiligt empfangen durfte in der Brust. Der wurde geschrieben auf den Altar der Stiftshütte. Daher heißt es: «Wer überwindet, dem will ich geben vom verborgenen Manna, und will ihm einen weißen Stein geben und darauf einen neuen Namen geschrieben...»(Vgl. Apk. 2, 17) Diejenigen, die das Ich empfingen, lernten durch innere Geisteskraft den Namen mit dem verborgenen Manna erkennen. Dadurch, daß sich der Christus im menschlichen Leibe auf der Erde enthüllte, dadurch sollten die Menschen lernen, nicht wie die Asketen das physische Dasein zu verachten; sie sollten lernen, daß diese Erde ihnen etwas zu geben hat. Daher soll man nicht auslöschen den Durst nach Dasein, nur läutern soll man seine Begierden. Der Westen sollte sich sagen: «Hier wird gearbeitet; hier werden die Hände gerührt und das, was man sich hier erarbeitet, das nimmt man mit durch die Pforte des Todes.» Nicht Wunder wollen wir erzählen, sondern durch Legenden uns einmal klarmachen, was der Menschheit als Weisheitslehre gegeben worden ist.
So hören wir: Der Buddha hatte einen bedeutenden Schüler, den Kassapa; das war der, welcher am meisten die Buddha-Lehre zu verbreiten hatte. Da wird uns legendär erzählt, er sei nicht gestorben, sondern in einer Höhle verschwunden, und dort sei sein physischer Leib aufbewahrt worden bis zu dem Tage, wo der Maitreya-Buddha erscheinen werde; dann würden die sterblichen Überreste des Kassapa durch das Feuer des Himmels berührt und aufgelöst.
Denken wir uns in diese Lehre hinein. Wodurch werden Menschen da sein in der Zukunft, die begreifen werden die Lehre des MaitreyaBuddha? Dadurch, daß die sterblichen Überreste des Erlösers von Golgatha nach dreieinhalb Tagen von ihm selbst zum Himmel hinaufgetragen werden. Das bedeutet, daß derjenige, der sich verbindet mit dem Christus-Impuls, das, was er sich erarbeitet hat als Frucht seines Lebens, mit sich hinaufnimmt und hinüberträgt in die geistige Welt.
Und so werden wir sehen, wie durch die Verbindung mit dem Christus-Prinzip alle Früchte des Erdendaseins mit hinaufgetragen werden. Die orientalische Lehre hat immer vorausverkündet den Christus, auch in ihren Legenden. Weil wir hier im vierten Zeitraum lernen, wie das Irdisch-Physische unmittelbar übergeht in die geistige Welt, wird uns das dargestellt dadurch, daß uns erzählt wird, er hätte «Augen wie eine Feuerflamme» (Apk. 1, 14), und es wird uns gesagt: «seine Füße sind gleich wie im Feuer geglühtes Erz» (Apk. 1, 15); und später heißt es: «Und alle Gemeinden sollen erkennen, daß Ich es bin, der Nieren und Herzen erforscht...» (Apk. 2, 23) Da wird uns gesagt, daß es der Christus ist, der uns das «Ich bin» bringt. Man muß dieses unscheinbare Wörtchen eben lesen. Es ist gemeint, daß das Prinzip, das im «Ich bin» liegt, der Retter wird, der den Menschen herausführt aus der materiellen Welt. So kann man Wort für Wort, Zeile für Zeile erklären.
Was im fünften Brief (Apk. 3, 1-6) steht, geht uns besonders an. Da steht, daß wir das Namengeheimnis erhalten haben durch die Lehre der Erdenentfaltung, welche uns gegeben wird von den «Meistern der Weisheit und des Zusammenklanges der Empfindungen».
Fourth Lecture
In the seven epistles or seven letters of the Apocalypse, the great main age of the post-Atlantean cultures is described, from the mighty Atlantean water catastrophe to the event known as the war of all against all.
We will now look at some important passages from the letters to show the scope of the apocalyptic writer's overview. He comes from a time when many things were taken for granted that today may seem forced to the ordinary consciousness.
The leading power of these cultural epochs is presented as holding the seven stars in its hand. Looking at the cultural epoch that regarded the outer world as Maya or illusion, we find the choir of the seven holy Rishis pointing up to Vishva Karman; the apocalyptic writer sees this as the being who holds the wisdom of the seven stars in his hand. Above all, the apocalyptic writer must look into the future. But since he is speaking to the descendants of the Atlantean cultural epochs, he speaks by referring to what lived in their memory. Thus he calls the Nicolaitans the representatives of black magic, who are excluded from this community, which has preserved the “first love.” He says that those who have always guarded themselves against becoming entangled in matter will develop into the future. Those who hear these admonitions will easily find their way back to the spiritual world.
And now he speaks to the people of the second cultural epoch, the Zarathustra period, to the followers of the great Zarathustra, who have laid down their wisdom in the teachings of Hermes, which preserve for us an echo of the Zarathustra teachings. Everywhere it is pointed out that people should not develop a love of wandering and that they should learn to love physical and sensual life. They should look up to the sun as the expression of the sun spirit and to the stars as the bodies of the spirits that populate space. This was Zarathustra's concern: to show the material physical as an expression of the spirit. Thus, working the soil should be like working into the physical body of God, who stands behind the physical world and to whom the group of ancient Hebrews, who paralleled the original Persian culture, also looked up. They, too, had a Zarathustra service; this is indicated in Abraham's encounter with Melchizedek.
We can see that remnants of this second cultural epoch have remained. We know how powerfully the great Zarathustra warned that people should work the earth, but not become slaves to matter. He called this power, which wants to make people believe that only physical matter exists, Ahriman, the Ahrimanic powers. Through him, the danger arises that people will grow too fond of physical life.
In Hebrew wisdom, Ahriman was given two names joined together: Mephiz-Tophel, Mephistopheles, who calls out to Faust, who believes in the spirit and is on his way to the “mothers,” that is, to the spiritual world: “You are coming to nothing.” Like Faust, those who seek the spirit call back to the materialists: “In your nothingness I hope to find the whole.” Thus the apocalyptic must say: “Fear not... some of you will be woven by Tophel into the prison of matter” (cf. Rev. 2:10) — these are those who have become too closely interwoven with matter.
We know how man must descend to earth through various incarnations; there he lived such lives in the sensual body. Every life on earth is always followed by one in the spiritual world. One day this ring of reincarnations will be closed. The profound meaning of incarnations, if we want to understand the second letter of the Apocalyptic writer correctly, is that human beings should attain self-consciousness, consciousness of the I.
How much else did the soul see in ancient Indian times, what did the soul see later in other incarnations! Today we perceive things quite differently than in earlier incarnations. As the soul ascends from stage to stage, we gain the concept of what we call history. The thinking human being must say to himself: There is a history of life in the spiritual world. We usually describe life in Devachan and Kamaloka only in general terms, because we cannot describe life between death and a new birth in more detail in elementary theosophical teaching. And yet it is different each time, depending on the various cultural epochs, for the soul always had something different to experience. We can only describe this history in individual characteristic features.
Let us look back to ancient Atlantis; there, during their life on earth, human beings were still within their spiritual-soul home. But in ancient India, human beings were only there during the night and when they passed through the gate of death. In this original home, it then became light and bright around them. To the same extent that human beings grew to love this physical world more and more, they lost their vision of the spiritual world; it became darker and darker for them.
During Egyptian culture, humans were already so deeply rooted in the physical world that they had to be taught to live here in such a way that they could find Osiris over there; only in this way could the disciples still perceive the light between death and a new birth. The teaching of the “Book of the Dead” and the “Judges of the Dead” is to be understood in such a way that only through connection with the Osiris light, the Osiris impulse, could human beings hope that the spiritual world would be light and bright for them.
Let us now look at the Greek-Latin period, when people who had become so fond of physical matter were able to create ideal figures in the physical world. That is why a person of that time could say, “Better to be a beggar on earth than a king in the realm of shadows.” It is not merely a legend that people entered darkness when they descended into Hades. Humanity was in danger of losing itself in the sensual world. Therefore, the God who descended into this sensual world, into the realm of the senses, had to redeem it.
Through the veil of sensuality, Zarathustra proclaims Ahura Mazdao. In the burning bush, Jehovah proclaimed himself to Moses through the veil of sensuality. Then the same power proclaimed itself as Christ in the body of Jesus of Nazareth. And then something happened that has significance not only for the physical world, but also for the spiritual world.
At the very moment when the blood flows from the wounds of the Redeemer, Christ appears in the underworld to the souls who stand between death and a new birth. Down in the material world, the blood flows, and as it flows, the realm of the dead begins to grow brighter and brighter. As our culture now rises toward a spiritual understanding of the fact of Golgotha, the brightness grows.
History is everywhere, in the physical and in the spiritual; the entire post-Atlantean cultural development has the purpose of guiding humanity through the physical world, but keeping alive within it the belief in the spirit. It is always the same principle that manifests itself in successive cultural epochs.
What the apocalyptic writer turns his vision to is that there are people who become one with matter, who use up the spiritual powers they possess as an ancient inheritance without joining themselves to Christ. Such a person would gradually lose the Devachan, the Kamaloka would last longer and longer, and the person would be bound, connected to the heaviness of the earth.
Today, only black magicians do this; ordinary people cannot yet close themselves off from all wisdom. But the apocalyptic writer must put everything into perspective in order to point out that it is the impulse of Christ that saves them. The second epistle therefore says that this would be the “second death” — the “spiritual death,” as Paul calls it. Because we are referred to the second cultural epoch in the second letter, this admonition had to come; in the first cultural epoch, it did not yet need to be addressed to humanity.
In the second letter, the leading spirit characterizes itself as “I am the Alpha and the Omega.” (Rev. 1:8) Certain symbols that always mean the same thing prevail in all occultism. In ancient Egyptian times, importance was attached to the formation of wisdom through the word; this is where science first appears in strictly defined words. The Indian world did not yet attach any importance to science, nor did the Zarathustra culture. That is why this human divine power of the word is symbolized everywhere by the “sword”; we find the sword everywhere as a symbol of the humanization of divine power. “And to the angel of the church in Pergamum write: Thus says he who has the sharp two-edged sword.” (Rev. 2:12) But it is through knowledge that man is most tempted to black magic.
In the Bible, man experiences the divine power flowing to him as “manna.” Let us now take the full characteristics of the period: Jehovah reveals himself on Sinai in the burning bush. “Then Yahweh said to Moses, 'I am who I am. And he said, “Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel: ‘I Am has sent me to you.’” (See Exodus 3:14) With this, man was told: I Am has sent me to you! Yahweh is the name of the ineffable God. The name “I” can never be heard by man from outside; it is the intimate name of God, which man was only allowed to receive in a sacred manner in his heart. It was written on the altar of the tabernacle. Therefore it is said: “To him who overcomes, I will give some of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white stone with a new name written on it...” (cf. Rev. 2:17) Those who received the I learned through inner spiritual power to recognize the name with the hidden manna. Through Christ revealing Himself in the human body on earth, people were to learn not to despise physical existence as the ascetics did; they were to learn that this earth has something to give them. Therefore, one should not extinguish the thirst for existence, but only purify one's desires. The West should say to itself: “Here people are working; here hands are being used, and what is achieved here will be taken through the gate of death.” We do not want to tell miracles, but through legends make clear to ourselves what has been given to humanity as a teaching of wisdom.
Thus we hear that the Buddha had an important disciple named Kassapa, who was the one who had the greatest task of spreading the Buddha's teachings. Legend has it that he did not die, but disappeared into a cave, where his physical body was kept until the day when the Maitreya Buddha would appear; then the mortal remains of Kassapa would be touched by the fire of heaven and dissolved.
Let us think about this teaching. How will people in the future be able to understand the teachings of Maitreya Buddha? Through the fact that the mortal remains of the Savior of Golgotha will be carried up to heaven by himself after three and a half days. This means that those who connect themselves with the Christ impulse will take with them and carry over into the spiritual world what they have achieved as the fruit of their lives.
And so we will see how, through connection with the Christ principle, all the fruits of earthly existence are carried upward. Oriental teachings have always foretold Christ, even in their legends. Because we are learning here in the fourth period how the earthly-physical passes directly into the spiritual world, this is represented to us by being told that he had “eyes like a flame of fire” (Rev. 1:14), and we are told, “His feet are like fine brass, as if refined in a furnace” (Rev. 1:15); and later it says, “And all flesh shall see that I have sent him...” (Rev. 2:23). Here we are told that it is Christ who brings us the “I am.” One must read this inconspicuous little word. It means that the principle that lies in the “I am” becomes the Savior who leads people out of the material world. Thus, one can explain it word for word, line by line.
What is written in the fifth letter (Rev. 3:1-6) is of particular concern to us. It says that we have received the secret of the name through the teaching of the unfolding of the earth, which is given to us by the “masters of wisdom and the harmony of feelings.”